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US ISM Services Business Activity Rises to 55.9, Sticky Inflation Becomes a Concern

2026-05-06

Core Overview The latest released US ISM Services Business Activity Index for Q2 2026 recorded 55.9, a significant increase of 2.0 percentage points from the previous Q1 value of 53.9, indicating that the output side continues to maintain a steady pace of expansion. However, despite the rebound in the single business activity component, the overall ISM Services PMI slightly declined to 53.6, mainly dragged down by the slowdown in orders, though the performance remained broadly in line with the market consensus of 53.7.

Key Sub-indices Further dissecting the report, the divergence between the demand side and the cost side became the focus this month. The new orders index, which symbolizes future demand, plummeted by 7.1 percentage points in a single month to 53.5, hitting the largest single-month drop recently. At the same time, although the employment index rebounded slightly to 48.0, it has been in the contraction territory below the 50 boom-or-bust line for two consecutive months; what alerts the market the most is that the Prices Paid index remained flat at 70.7, matching the swing high since October 2022.

In-depth Attribution Regarding the sudden plunge in new orders and sticky prices, Steve Miller, Chair of the ISM Services Business Survey Committee, pointed out that the surge in new orders in March partly stemmed from companies stockpiling in advance due to expected price increases, and the pullback in April data is a normal correction after the "pull-in of demand". Furthermore, an analysis by the institution Verified Investing pointed out that geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East have driven up fuel and raw material costs, resulting in supply chain price pressures being unable to subside, which has become the core driving factor for the stickiness of inflation data.

Outlook and Risks In the short term (1-2 months), as the impact of energy prices is still transmitting, the phenomenon of persistently high costs in the services sector is expected to continue, causing inflation cooling to face substantial resistance. In the medium term (3-6 months), if new orders continue to be sluggish and the labor market cools down, combined with a price index as high as over 70, market concerns about "stagflation" will further brew. This may force the Federal Reserve to reassess its monetary policy, exposing the 2026 interest rate cut expectations to the risk of delay or even repricing.

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